Bast
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0Bast, Bastet was originally a fierce lioness warrior goddess of the sun, worshipped throughout most of ancient Egyptian history. Later she became the cat goddess that is familiar today.[10] She was then depicted as the daughter of Ra and Isis, and the consort of Ptah, with whom she had a son, Maahes.[10]
As protector of Lower Egypt, she was seen as defender of the king, and consequently of the sun god, Ra. Along with other deities such as Hathor, Sekhmet, and Isis, Bastet was associated with the Eye of Ra.[11] She has been depicted as fighting the evil snake named Apep, an enemy of Ra.[12] In addition to her solar connections, she was also related to Wadjet, one of the oldest Egyptian goddesses from the Southern Delta who was dubbed "eye of the moon".[13]
Bastet was also a goddess of pregnancy and childbirth, possibly because of the fertility of the domestic cat.[14]
Images of Bastet were often created from alabaster. The goddess was sometimes depicted holding a ceremonial sistrum in one hand and an aegis in the other—the aegis usually resembling a collar or gorget, embellished with a lioness head.
Bastet was also depicted as the goddess of protection against contagious diseases and evil spirits.[15]
Her name was originally shorter, transliterated as Bast in English.[16] Bast first appears in the third millennium BCE, where she is depicted as either a fierce lioness or a woman with the head of a lioness.[17] Two thousand years later, during the Third Intermediate Period of Egypt (c. 1070–712 BCE), Bast began to be depicted as a domestic cat or a cat-headed woman.[18] Scribes of the New Kingdom and later eras began referring to her with an additional feminine suffix, as Bastet. The name change is thought to have been added to emphasize pronunciation of the ending t sound, often left silent.[19]
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